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from Away.com
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ACTIVITIES
Travel in Bear Territory
Staying Safe
By John Grassy, GORP Wildlife Expert
 The color of the American black bear can range from black to reddish brown
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The lengthening days of spring and early summer rouse bears from their winter torpor; they're up and about now, black bears digging for early-season roots, grubs, and insects. Their cousin, the grizzly bear, begins its year with a similar diet, though winter-killed elk and deerand by June, the new fawns and calvesprovide another important food source. Outdoor enthusiasts of all stripes, too, are heading into wildlands for their first taste of camping, fishing, hiking, and other adventures. Now's the time to brush up on the safety tips and other skills needed to ensure that people and bears coexist in a peaceful manner.
There is no need to enter the forest pumped with adrenaline, in a state of unchecked apprehension. Though bears are more individualized than most animals, and thus more individualized in their responses to people, they are also generally shy and reclusive and will go to substantial lengths to avoid human encounters. In most cases a bear will do its part; as a visitor to their homes, it is absolutely critical that we do our part as well. The continued survival of bears, particularly grizzlies, depends upon it.
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A bear that visits a poorly maintained campsite, where it discovers some fish scraps or energy bars, will visit another campsite, and another. Soon it may associate people with easy meals and decide to appear when the campers are up and around, with the idea of chasing them away from their food. Hikers who fail to warn bears of their progress through the forest may surprise a sow and her cubs feeding amiably in a clearing. The sow, following her instincts, may feel threatened enough to aggressively defend her young. When bears and people meet in situations like these, the bear, almost every time, is the ultimate loser. If one of the hikers or campers is injured, park rangers or forest biologists may have to destroy the animal. Yet in a very real sense, it is the sloppy campers or the ill-informed hikers who caused the problem in the first place and are responsible for that animal's death.
| Grizzly or Black Bear?
Unless you're hiking or camping in the high country of a handful of western states or Alaska, you need not even wonder whether the bear you're seeing is a black bear or a grizzly. It's a black bear. The grizzly, a threatened species, survives in the U.S. only in Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, and Alaska; a few individuals from Canada may occasionally turn up along the northern reaches of Washington.
Remember, too, that it's not unusual for black bears in the western United States to appear in a "cinnamon phase," meaning their coats are colored a lovely, two-tone reddish brown, with the ruff and chest areas slightly darker than the body.
If you are in a grizzly state, and you see a bear, how can you tell the difference between a black bear and its western cousin? It's not difficult. One of the best field marks at a distance (and hopefully you'll be at a distance) is the shoulder hump. The grizzly has a noticeable, upraised shoulder hump; the black bear does not. Another physical difference is facial profile: The black bear's face tapers down straightaway to its snout; the grizzly has a "dished" or concave facial profile.
Grizzlies and black bears often differ dramatically in color as well. A black bear in many cases is, well, all black. Grizzlies are yellowish-brown to dark brown, often with a silver gloss to their coats, which comes from the white-tipped hairs on the body.
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